Flip
The flip jump starts on a left forward inside edge with the right leg
off the ice and in front of the body. The left shoulder is in front and
the right shoulder is in back. The skater pushes forwards off the right
toe. As the left foot passes the right foot, it switches from an inside
edge to an outside edge. The motion is like a skate boarder standing on
his skate board with his left leg and pushing forwards with the right
leg. The skater uses the momentum from the toe pick push to do a left
forward outside three turn to a left back inside edge. The skater
reaches back with the right leg and jabs the toe pick into the ice thus
pole vaulting into the air.
Lutz
It was named for inventor Alois Lutz. The lutz jump is similar to the
flip jump in that it is a toe jump which takes off from the left foot.
The difference is in the setup and the take off edge. The jump starts
with a long glide on a very shallow left back outside edge. The skater
reaches back with the right leg with the left shoulder across and the
right shoulder back. The skater jabs the toe pick into the ice and pole
vaults into the air. In theory, the take off happened on a left back
outside edge as opposed to the inside edge the flip takes off from.
Axel
IIt was named for Axel Paulson, the 1908 Gold Medallist who invented
it. The axel is the only major jump where the skater takes off while
going forwards. The setup begins by gliding on a right back outside
edge. The skater steps onto a left forward outside edge kicking the
right leg up and through lifting into the air. Up to this point, the
axel is identical to the waltz jump. After leaving the ground, the
skater pulls the arms and the legs in, which forces the jump to rotate a
little less than one turn. The jump itself is one and a half rotations.
The first half rotation should take place while the skater is in an open
position